Al Ahzab
Quran Terjemahan Kemenag RI
1
yā ayyuhan-nabiyyuttaqillāha wa lā tuṭi’il-kāfirīna wal-munāfiqīn, innallāha kāna ‘alīman ḥakīmā
Wahai Nabi! Bertakwalah kepada Allah dan janganlah engkau menuruti (keinginan) orang-orang kafir dan orang-orang munafik. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui, Mahabijaksana,
2
wattabi’ mā yụḥā ilaika mir rabbik, innallāha kāna bimā ta’malụna khabīrā
dan ikutilah apa yang diwahyukan Tuhanmu kepadamu. Sungguh, Allah Mahateliti terhadap apa yang kamu kerjakan,
3
wa tawakkal ‘alallāh, wa kafā billāhi wakīlā
dan bertawakallah kepada Allah. Dan cukuplah Allah sebagai Pemelihara.
4
mā ja’alallāhu lirajulim ming qalbaini fī jaufih, wa mā ja’ala azwājakumul-lā`ī tuẓāhirụna min-hunna ummahātikum, wa mā ja’ala advert’iyā`akum abnā`akum, żālikum qaulukum bi`afwāhikum, wallāhu yaqụlul-ḥaqqa wa huwa yahdis-sabīl
Allah tidak menjadikan bagi seseorang dua hati dalam rongganya; dan Dia tidak menjadikan istri-istrimu yang kamu zihar itu sebagai ibumu, dan Dia tidak menjadikan anak angkatmu sebagai anak kandungmu (sendiri). Yang demikian itu hanyalah perkataan di mulutmu saja. Allah mengatakan yang sebenarnya dan Dia menujukkan jalan (yang benar).
5
ud’ụhum li`ābā`ihim huwa aqsaṭu ‘indallāh, fa il lam ta’lamū ābā`ahum fa ikhwānukum fid-dīni wa mawālīkum, wa laisa ‘alaikum junāḥun fīmā akhṭa`tum bihī wa lākim mā ta’ammadat qulụbukum, wa kānallāhu gafụrar raḥīmā
Panggillah mereka (anak angkat itu) dengan (memakai) nama bapak-bapak mereka; itulah yang adil di sisi Allah, dan jika kamu tidak mengetahui bapak mereka, maka (panggillah mereka sebagai) saudara-saudaramu seagama dan maula-maulamu. Dan tidak ada dosa atasmu jika kamu khilaf tentang itu, tetapi (yang ada dosanya) apa yang disengaja oleh hatimu. Allah Maha Pengampun, Maha Penyayang.
6
an-nabiyyu aulā bil-mu`minīna min anfusihim wa azwājuhū ummahātuhum, wa ulul-ar-ḥāmi ba’ḍuhum aulā biba’ḍin fī kitābillāhi minal-mu`minīna wal-muhājirīna illā an taf’alū ilā auliyā`ikum ma’rụfā, kāna żālika fil-kitābi masṭụrā
Nabi itu lebih utama bagi orang-orang mukmin dibandingkan diri mereka sendiri dan istri-istrinya adalah ibu-ibu mereka. Orang-orang yang mempunyai hubungan darah satu sama lain lebih berhak (waris-mewarisi) di dalam Kitab Allah daripada orang-orang mukmin dan orang-orang Muhajirin, kecuali kalau kamu hendak berbuat baik kepada saudara-saudaramu (seagama). Demikianlah telah tertulis dalam Kitab (Allah).
7
wa iż akhażnā minan-nabiyyīna mīṡāqahum wa mingka wa min nụḥiw wa ibrāhīma wa mụsā wa ‘īsabni maryama wa akhażnā min-hum mīṡāqan galīẓā
Dan (ingatlah) ketika Kami mengambil perjanjian dari para nabi dan dari engkau (sendiri), dari Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa dan Isa putra Maryam, dan Kami telah mengambil dari mereka perjanjian yang teguh,
8
liyas`alaṣ-ṣādiqīna ‘an ṣidqihim, wa a’adda lil-kāfirīna ‘ażāban alīmā
agar Dia menanyakan kepada orang-orang yang benar tentang kebenaran mereka. Dia menyediakan azab yang pedih bagi orang-orang kafir.
9
yā ayyuhallażīna āmanużkurụ ni’matallāhi ‘alaikum iż jā`atkum junụdun fa arsalnā ‘alaihim rīḥaw wa junụdal lam tarauhā, wa kānallāhu bimā ta’malụna baṣīrā
Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Ingatlah akan nikmat Allah (yang telah dikaruniakan) kepadamu ketika bala tentara datang kepadamu, lalu Kami kirimkan kepada mereka angin topan dan bala tentara yang tidak dapat terlihat olehmu. Allah Maha Melihat apa yang kamu kerjakan.
10
iż jā`ụkum min fauqikum wa min asfala mingkum wa iż zāgatil-abṣāru wa balagatil-qulụbul-ḥanājira wa taẓunnụna billāhiẓ-ẓunụnā
(Yaitu) ketika mereka datang kepadamu dari atas dan dari bawahmu, dan ketika penglihatan(mu) terpana dan hatimu menyesak sampai ke tenggorokan dan kamu berprasangka yang bukan-bukan terhadap Allah.
11
hunālikabtuliyal-mu`minụna wa zulzilụ zilzālan syadīdā
Disitulah diuji orang-orang mukmin dan digoncangkan (hatinya) dengan goncangan yang dahsyat.
12
wa iż yaqụlul-munāfiqụna wallażīna fī qulụbihim maraḍum mā wa’adanallāhu wa rasụluhū illā gurụrā
Dan (ingatlah) ketika orang-orang munafik dan orang-orang yang hatinya berpenyakit berkata, “Yang dijanjikan Allah dan Rasul-Nya kepada kami hanya tipu daya belaka.”
13
wa iż qālat ṭā`ifatum min-hum yā ahla yaṡriba lā muqāma lakum farji’ụ, wa yasta`żinu farīqum min-humun-nabiyya yaqụlụna inna buyụtanā ‘aurah, wa mā hiya bi’aurah, iy yurīdụna illā firārā
Dan (ingatlah) ketika segolongan di antara mereka berkata, “Wahai penduduk Yasrib (Madinah)! Tidak ada tempat bagimu, maka kembalilah kamu.” Dan sebagian dari mereka meminta izin kepada Nabi (untuk kembali pulang) dengan berkata, “Sesungguhnya rumah-rumah kami terbuka (tidak ada penjaga).” Padahal rumah-rumah itu tidak terbuka, mereka hanyalah hendak lari.
14
walau dukhilat ‘alaihim min aqṭārihā ṡumma su`ilul-fitnata la`ātauhā wa mā talabbaṡụ bihā illā yasīrā
Dan kalau (Yasrib) diserang dari segala penjuru, dan mereka diminta agar membuat kekacauan, niscaya mereka mengerjakannya; dan hanya sebentar saja mereka menunggu.
15
wa laqad kānụ ‘āhadullāha ming qablu lā yuwallụnal-adbār, wa kāna ‘ahdullāhi mas`ụlā
Dan sungguh, mereka sebelum itu telah berjanji kepada Allah, tidak akan berbalik ke belakang (mundur). Dan perjanjian dengan Allah akan diminta pertanggung jawabannya.
16
qul lay yanfa’akumul-firāru in farartum minal-mauti awil-qatli wa iżal lā tumatta’ụna illā qalīlā
Katakanlah (Muhammad), “Lari tidaklah berguna bagimu, jika kamu melarikan diri dari kematian atau pembunuhan, dan jika demikian (kamu terhindar dari kematian) kamu hanya akan mengecap kesenangan sebentar saja.”
17
qul man żallażī ya’ṣimukum minallāhi in arāda bikum sū`an au arāda bikum raḥmah, wa lā yajidụna lahum min dụnillāhi waliyyaw wa lā naṣīrā
Katakanlah, “Siapakah yang dapat melindungi kamu dari (ketentuan) Allah jika Dia menghendaki bencana atasmu atau menghendaki rahmat untuk dirimu?” Mereka itu tidak akan mendapatkan pelindung dan penolong selain Allah.
18
qad ya’lamullāhul-mu’awwiqīna mingkum wal-qā`ilīna li`ikhwānihim halumma ilainā, wa lā ya`tụnal-ba`sa illā qalīlā
Sungguh, Allah mengetahui orang-orang yang menghalang-halangi di antara kamu dan orang yang berkata kepada saudara-saudaranya, “Marilah bersama kami.” Tetapi mereka datang berperang hanya sebentar,
19
asyiḥḥatan ‘alaikum fa iżā jā`al-khaufu ra`aitahum yanẓurụna ilaika tadụru a’yunuhum kallażī yugsyā ‘alaihi minal-maụt, fa iżā żahabal-khaufu salaqụkum bi`alsinatin ḥidādin asyiḥḥatan ‘alal-khaīr, ulā`ika lam yu`minụ fa aḥbaṭallāhu a’mālahum, wa kāna żālika ‘alallāhi yasīrā
mereka kikir terhadapmu. Apabila datang ketakutan (bahaya), kamu lihat mereka itu memandang kepadamu dengan mata yang terbalik-balik seperti orang yang pingsan karena akan mati, dan apabila ketakutan telah hilang, mereka mencaci kamu dengan lidah yang tajam, sedang mereka kikir untuk berbuat kebaikan. Mereka itu tidak beriman, maka Allah menghapus amalnya. Dan yang demikian itu mudah bagi Allah.
20
yaḥsabụnal-aḥzāba lam yaż-habụ, wa iy ya`til-aḥzābu yawaddụ lau annahum bādụna fil-a’rābi yas`alụna ‘an ambā`ikum, walau kānụ fīkum mā qātalū illā qalīlā
Mereka mengira (bahwa) golongan-golongan (yang bersekutu) itu belum pergi, dan jika golongan-golongan (yang bersekutu) itu datang kembali, niscaya mereka ingin berada di dusun-dusun bersama-sama orang Arab Badui, sambil menanyakan berita tentang kamu. Dan sekiranya mereka berada bersamamu, mereka tidak akan berperang, melainkan sebentar saja.
21
laqad kāna lakum fī rasụlillāhi uswatun ḥasanatul limang kāna yarjullāha wal-yaumal-ākhira wa żakarallāha kaṡīrā
Sungguh, telah ada pada (diri) Rasulullah itu suri teladan yang baik bagimu (yaitu) bagi orang yang mengharap (rahmat) Allah dan (kedatangan) hari Kiamat dan yang banyak mengingat Allah.
22
wa lammā ra`al-mu`minụnal-aḥzāba qālụ hāżā mā wa’adanallāhu wa rasụluhụ wa ṣadaqallāhu wa rasụluhụ wa mā zādahum illā īmānaw wa taslīmā
Dan ketika orang-orang mukmin melihat golongan-golongan (yang bersekutu) itu, mereka berkata, “Inilah yang dijanjikan Allah dan Rasul-Nya kepada kita.” Dan benarlah Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Dan yang demikian itu menambah keimanan dan keislaman mereka.
23
minal-mu`minīna rijālun ṣadaqụ mā ‘āhadullāha ‘alaīh, fa min-hum mang qaḍā naḥbahụ wa min-hum might yantaẓiru wa mā baddalụ tabdīlā
Di antara orang-orang mukmin itu ada orang-orang yang menepati apa yang telah mereka janjikan kepada Allah. Dan di antara mereka ada yang gugur, dan di antara mereka ada (pula) yang menunggu-nunggu dan mereka sedikit pun tidak mengubah (janjinya),
24
liyajziyallāhuṣ-ṣādiqīna biṣidqihim wa yu’ażżibal-munāfiqīna in syā`a au yatụba ‘alaihim, innallāha kāna gafụrar raḥīmā
agar Allah memberikan balasan kepada orang-orang yang benar itu karena kebenarannya, dan mengazab orang munafik jika Dia kehendaki, atau menerima tobat mereka. Sungguh, Allah Maha Pengampun, Maha Penyayang.
25
wa raddallāhullażīna kafarụ bigaiẓihim lam yanālụ khairā, wa kafallāhul-mu`minīnal-qitāl, wa kānallāhu qawiyyan ‘azīzā
Dan Allah menghalau orang-orang kafir itu yang mereka penuh memendam kejengkelan, karena mereka (juga) tidak memperoleh keuntungan apa pun. Cukuplah Allah (yang menolong) menghindarkan orang-orang mukmin dalam peperangan. Dan Allah Mahakuat, Mahaperkasa.
26
wa anzalallażīna ẓāharụhum min ahlil-kitābi min ṣayāṣīhim wa qażafa fī qulụbihimur-ru’ba farīqan taqtulụna wa ta`sirụna farīqā
Dan Dia menurunkan orang-orang Ahli Kitab (Bani Quraiẓah) yang membantu mereka (golongan-golongan yang bersekutu) dari benteng-benteng mereka, dan Dia memasukkan rasa takut ke dalam hati mereka. Sebagian mereka kamu bunuh dan sebagian yang lain kamu tawan.
27
wa auraṡakum arḍahum wa diyārahum wa amwālahum wa arḍal lam taṭa’ụhā, wa kānallāhu ‘alā kulli syai`ing qadīrā
Dan Dia mewariskan kepadamu tanah-tanah, rumah-rumah dan harta benda mereka, dan (begitu pula) tanah yang belum kamu injak. Dan Allah Mahakuasa terhadap segala sesuatu.
28
yā ayyuhan-nabiyyu qul li`azwājika ing kuntunna turidnal-ḥayātad-dun-yā wa zīnatahā fa ta’ālaina umatti’kunna wa usarriḥkunna sarāḥan jamīlā
Wahai Nabi! Katakanlah kepada istri-istrimu, “Jika kamu menginginkan kehidupan di dunia dan perhiasannya, maka kemarilah agar kuberikan kepadamu mut’ah dan aku ceraikan kamu dengan cara yang baik.”
29
wa ing kuntunna turidnallāha wa rasụlahụ wad-dāral-ākhirata fa innallāha a’adda lil-muḥsināti mingkunna ajran ‘aẓīmā
Dan jika kamu menginginkan Allah dan Rasul-Nya dan negeri akhirat, maka sesungguhnya Allah menyediakan pahala yang besar bagi siapa yang berbuat baik diantara kamu.
30
yā nisā`an-nabiyyi may ya`ti mingkunna bifāḥisyatim mubayyinatiy yuḍā’af lahal-‘ażābu ḍi’faīn, wa kāna żālika ‘alallāhi yasīrā
Wahai istri-istri Nabi! Barangsiapa di antara kamu yang mengerjakan perbuatan keji yang nyata, niscaya azabnya akan dilipatgandakan dua kali lipat kepadanya. Dan yang demikian itu, mudah bagi Allah.
31
wa may yaqnut mingkunna lillāhi wa rasụlihī wa ta’mal ṣāliḥan nu`tihā ajrahā marrataini wa a’tadnā lahā rizqang karīmā
Dan barangsiapa di antara kamu (istri-istri Nabi) tetap taat kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya dan mengerjakan kebajikan, niscaya Kami berikan pahala kepadanya dua kali lipat dan Kami sediakan rezeki yang mulia baginya.
32
yā nisā`an-nabiyyi lastunna ka`aḥadim minan-nisā`i inittaqaitunna fa lā takhḍa’na bil-qauli fa yaṭma’allażī fī qalbihī maraḍuw wa qulna qaulam ma’rụfā
Wahai istri-istri Nabi! Kamu tidak seperti perempuan-perempuan yang lain, jika kamu bertakwa. Maka janganlah kamu tunduk (melemah lembutkan suara) dalam berbicara sehingga bangkit nafsu orang yang ada penyakit dalam hatinya, dan ucapkanlah perkataan yang baik,
33
wa qarna fī buyụtikunna wa lā tabarrajna tabarrujal-jāhiliyyatil-ụlā wa aqimnaṣ-ṣalāta wa ātīnaz-zakāta wa aṭi’nallāha wa rasụlah, innamā yurīdullāhu liyuż-hiba ‘angkumur-rijsa ahlal-baiti wa yuṭahhirakum taṭ-hīrā
Dan hendaklah kamu tetap di rumahmu dan janganlah kamu berhias dan (bertingkah laku) seperti orang-orang jahiliah dahulu, dan laksanakanlah salat, tunaikanlah zakat dan taatilah Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Sesungguhnya Allah bermaksud hendak menghilangkan dosa dari kamu, wahai ahlulbait dan membersihkan kamu sebersih-bersihnya.
34
ważkurna mā yutlā fī buyụtikunna min āyātillāhi wal-ḥikmah, innallāha kāna laṭīfan khabīrā
Dan ingatlah apa yang dibacakan di rumahmu dari ayat-ayat Allah dan hikmah (sunah Nabimu). Sungguh, Allah Mahalembut, Maha Mengetahui.
35
innal-muslimīna wal-muslimāti wal-mu`minīna wal-mu`mināti wal-qānitīna wal-qānitāti waṣ-ṣādiqīna waṣ-ṣādiqāti waṣ-ṣābirīna waṣ-ṣābirāti wal-khāsyi’īna wal-khāsyi’āti wal-mutaṣaddiqīna wal-mutaṣaddiqāti waṣ-ṣā`imīna waṣ-ṣā`imāti wal-ḥāfiẓīna furụjahum wal-ḥāfiẓāti waż-żākirīnallāha kaṡīraw waż-żākirāti a’addallāhu lahum magfirataw wa ajran ‘aẓīmā
Sungguh, laki-laki dan perempuan muslim, laki-laki dan perempuan mukmin, laki-laki dan perempuan yang tetap dalam ketaatannya, laki-laki dan perempuan yang benar, laki-laki dan perempuan yang sabar, laki-laki dan perempuan yang khusyuk, laki-laki dan perempuan yang bersedekah, laki-laki dan perempuan yang berpuasa, laki-laki dan perempuan yang memelihara kehormatannya, laki-laki dan perempuan yang banyak menyebut (nama) Allah, Allah telah menyediakan untuk mereka ampunan dan pahala yang besar.
36
wa mā kāna limu`miniw wa lā mu`minatin iżā qaḍallāhu wa rasụluhū amran ay yakụna lahumul-khiyaratu min amrihim, wa may ya’ṣillāha wa rasụlahụ fa qad ḍalla ḍalālam mubīnā
Dan tidaklah pantas bagi laki-laki yang mukmin dan perempuan yang mukmin, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah menetapkan suatu ketetapan, akan ada pilihan (yang lain) bagi mereka tentang urusan mereka. Dan barangsiapa mendurhakai Allah dan Rasul-Nya, maka sungguh, dia telah tersesat, dengan kesesatan yang nyata.
37
wa iż taqụlu lillażī an’amallāhu ‘alaihi wa an’amta ‘alaihi amsik ‘alaika zaujaka wattaqillāha wa tukhfī fī nafsika mallāhu mubdīhi wa takhsyan-nās, wallāhu aḥaqqu an takhsyāh, fa lammā qaḍā zaidum min-hā waṭarā, zawwajnākahā likai lā yakụna ‘alal-mu`minīna ḥarajun fī azwāji ad’iyā`ihim iżā qaḍau min-hunna waṭarā, wa kāna amrullāhi maf’ụlā
Dan (ingatlah), ketika engkau (Muhammad) berkata kepada orang yang telah diberi nikmat oleh Allah dan engkau (juga) telah memberi nikmat kepadanya, “Pertahankanlah terus istrimu dan bertakwalah kepada Allah,” sedang engkau menyembunyikan di dalam hatimu apa yang akan ditampakkan oleh Allah, dan engkau takut kepada manusia, padahal Allah lebih berhak engkau takuti. Maka ketika Zaid telah mengakhiri keperluan terhadap istrinya (menceraikannya), Kami nikahkan engkau dengan dia (Zainab) agar tidak ada keberatan bagi orang mukmin untuk (menikahi) istri-istri anak-anak angkat mereka, apabila anak-anak angkat itu telah menyelesaikan keperluannya terhadap istrinya. Dan ketetapan Allah itu pasti terjadi.
38
mā kāna ‘alan-nabiyyi min ḥarajin fīmā faraḍallāhu lah, sunnatallāhi fillażīna khalau ming qabl, wa kāna amrullāhi qadaram maqdụrā
Tidak ada keberatan apa pun pada Nabi tentang apa yang telah ditetapkan Allah baginya. (Allah telah menetapkan yang demikian) sebagai sunah Allah pada nabi-nabi yang telah terdahulu. Dan ketetapan Allah itu suatu ketetapan yang pasti berlaku,
39
allażīna yuballigụna risālātillāhi wa yakhsyaunahụ wa lā yakhsyauna aḥadan illallāh, wa kafā billāhi ḥasībā
(yaitu) orang-orang yang menyampaikan risalah-risalah Allah, mereka takut kepada-Nya dan tidak merasa takut kepada siapa pun selain kepada Allah. Dan cukuplah Allah sebagai pembuat perhitungan.
40
mā kāna muḥammadun aba aḥadim mir rijālikum wa lākir rasụlallāhi wa khātaman-nabiyyīn, wa kānallāhu bikulli syai`in ‘alīmā
Muhammad itu bukanlah bapak dari seseorang di antara kamu, tetapi dia adalah utusan Allah dan penutup para nabi. Dan Allah Maha Mengetahui segala sesuatu.
41
yā ayyuhallażīna āmanużkurullāha żikrang kaṡīrā
Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Ingatlah kepada Allah, dengan mengingat (nama-Nya) sebanyak-banyaknya,
42
wa sabbiḥụhu bukrataw wa aṣīlā
dan bertasbihlah kepada-Nya pada waktu pagi dan petang.
43
huwallażī yuṣallī ‘alaikum wa malā`ikatuhụ liyukhrijakum minaẓ-ẓulumāti ilan-nụr, wa kāna bil-mu`minīna raḥīmā
Dialah yang memberi rahmat kepadamu dan para malaikat-Nya (memohonkan ampunan untukmu), agar Dia mengeluarkan kamu dari kegelapan kepada cahaya (yang terang). Dan Dia Maha Penyayang kepada orang-orang yang beriman.
44
taḥiyyatuhum yauma yalqaunahụ salām, wa a’adda lahum ajrang karīmā
Penghormatan mereka (orang-orang mukmin itu) ketika mereka menemui-Nya ialah, “Salam,” dan Dia menyediakan pahala yang mulia bagi mereka.
45
yā ayyuhan-nabiyyu innā arsalnāka syāhidaw wa mubasysyiraw wa nażīrā
Wahai Nabi! Sesungguhnya Kami mengutusmu untuk menjadi saksi, pembawa kabar gembira dan pemberi peringatan,
46
wa dā’iyan ilallāhi bi`iżnihī wa sirājam munīrā
dan untuk menjadi penyeru kepada (agama) Allah dengan izin-Nya dan sebagai cahaya yang menerangi.
47
wa basysyiril-mu`minīna bi`anna lahum minallāhi faḍlang kabīrā
Dan sampaikanlah kabar gembira kepada orang-orang mukmin bahwa sesungguhnya bagi mereka karunia yang besar dari Allah.
48
wa lā tuṭi’il-kāfirīna wal-munāfiqīna wa da’ ażāhum wa tawakkal ‘alallāh, wa kafā billāhi wakīlā
Dan janganlah engkau (Muhammad) menuruti orang-orang kafir dan orang-orang munafik itu, janganlah engkau hiraukan gangguan mereka dan bertawakallah kepada Allah. Dan cukuplah Allah sebagai pelindung.
49
yā ayyuhallażīna āmanū iżā nakaḥtumul-mu`mināti ṡumma ṭallaqtumụhunna ming qabli an tamassụhunna fa mā lakum ‘alaihinna min ‘iddatin ta’taddụnahā, fa matti’ụhunna wa sarriḥụhunna sarāḥan jamīlā
Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Apabila kamu menikahi perempuan-perempuan mukmin, kemudian kamu ceraikan mereka sebelum kamu mencampurinya maka tidak ada masa idah atas mereka yang perlu kamu perhitungkan. Namun berilah mereka mut’ah dan lepaskanlah mereka itu dengan cara yang sebaik-baiknya.
50
yā ayyuhan-nabiyyu innā aḥlalnā laka azwājakallātī ātaita ujụrahunna wa mā malakat yamīnuka mimmā afā`allāhu ‘alaika wa banāti ‘ammika wa banāti ‘ammātika wa banāti khālika wa banāti khālātikallātī hājarna ma’ak, wamra`atam mu`minatan iw wahabat nafsahā lin-nabiyyi in arādan-nabiyyu ay yastangkiḥahā khāliṣatal laka min dụnil-mu`minīn, qad ‘alimnā mā faraḍnā ‘alaihim fī azwājihim wa mā malakat aimānuhum likai lā yakụna ‘alaika ḥaraj, wa kānallāhu gafụrar raḥīmā
Wahai Nabi! Sesungguhnya Kami telah menghalalkan bagimu istri-istrimu yang telah engkau berikan maskawinnya dan hamba sahaya yang engkau miliki, termasuk apa yang engkau peroleh dalam peperangan yang dikaruniakan Allah untukmu, dan (demikian pula) anak-anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki bapakmu, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara perempuan bapakmu, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki ibumu dan anak-anak perempuan dari saudara perempuan ibumu yang turut hijrah bersamamu, dan perempuan mukmin yang menyerahkan dirinya kepada Nabi kalau Nabi ingin menikahinya, sebagai kekhususan bagimu, bukan untuk semua orang mukmin. Kami telah mengetahui apa yang Kami wajibkan kepada mereka tentang istri-istri mereka dan hamba sahaya yang mereka miliki agar tidak menjadi kesempitan bagimu. Dan Allah Maha Pengampun, Maha Penyayang.
51
turjī man tasyā`u min-hunna wa tu`wī ilaika man tasyā`, wa manibtagaita mim man ‘azalta fa lā junāḥa ‘alaīk, żālika adnā an taqarra a’yunuhunna wa lā yaḥzanna wa yarḍaina bimā ātaitahunna kulluhunn, wallāhu ya’lamu mā fī qulụbikum, wa kānallāhu ‘alīman ḥalīmā
Engkau boleh menangguhkan (menggauli) siapa yang engkau kehendaki di antara mereka (para istrimu) dan (boleh pula) menggauli siapa (di antara mereka) yang engkau kehendaki. Dan siapa yang engkau ingini untuk menggaulinya kembali dari istri-istrimu yang telah engkau sisihkan, maka tidak ada dosa bagimu. Yang demikian itu lebih dekat untuk ketenangan hati mereka, dan mereka tidak merasa sedih, dan mereka rela dengan apa yang telah engkau berikan kepada mereka semuanya. Dan Allah mengetahui apa yang (tersimpan) dalam hatimu. Dan Allah Maha Mengetahui, Maha Penyantun.
52
lā yaḥillu lakan-nisā`u mim ba’du wa lā an tabaddala bihinna min azwājiw walau a’jabaka ḥusnuhunna illā mā malakat yamīnuk, wa kānallāhu ‘alā kulli syai`ir raqībā
Tidak halal bagimu (Muhammad) menikahi perempuan-perempuan (lain) setelah itu, dan tidak boleh (pula) mengganti mereka dengan istri-istri (yang lain), meskipun kecantikannya menarik hatimu kecuali perempuan-perempuan (hamba sahaya) yang engkau miliki. Dan Allah Maha Mengawasi segala sesuatu.
53
yā ayyuhallażīna āmanụ lā tadkhulụ buyụtan-nabiyyi illā ay yu`żana lakum ilā ṭa’āmin gaira nāẓirīna ināhu wa lākin iżā du’ītum fadkhulụ fa iżā ṭa’imtum fantasyirụ wa lā musta`nisīna liḥadīṡ, inna żālikum kāna yu`żin-nabiyya fa yastaḥyī mingkum wallāhu lā yastaḥyī minal-ḥaqq, wa iżā sa`altumụhunna matā’an fas`alụhunna miw warā`i ḥijāb, żālikum aṭ-haru liqulụbikum wa qulụbihinn, wa mā kāna lakum an tu`żụ rasụlallāhi wa lā an tangkiḥū azwājahụ mim ba’dihī abadā, inna żālikum kāna ‘indallāhi ‘aẓīmā
Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Janganlah kamu memasuki rumah-rumah Nabi kecuali jika kamu diizinkan untuk makan tanpa menunggu waktu masak (makanannya), tetapi jika kamu dipanggil maka masuklah dan apabila kamu selesai makan, keluarlah kamu tanpa memperpanjang percakapan. Sesungguhnya yang demikian itu adalah mengganggu Nabi sehingga dia (Nabi) malu kepadamu (untuk menyuruhmu keluar), dan Allah tidak malu (menerangkan) yang benar. Apabila kamu meminta sesuatu (keperluan) kepada mereka (istri-istri Nabi), maka mintalah dari balik tabir. (Cara) yang demikian itu lebih suci bagi hatimu dan hati mereka. Dan tidak boleh kamu menyakiti (hati) Rasulullah dan tidak boleh (pula) menikahi istri-istrinya selama-lamanya setelahnya (Nabi wafat). Sungguh, yang demikian itu sangat besar (dosanya) di sisi Allah.
54
in tubdụ syai`an au tukhfụhu fa innallāha kāna bikulli syai`in ‘alīmā
Jika kamu menyatakan sesuatu atau menyembunyikannya, maka sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui segala sesuatu.
55
lā junāḥa ‘alaihinna fī ābā`ihinna wa lā abnā`ihinna wa lā ikhwānihinna wa lā abnā`i ikhwānihinna wa lā abnā`i akhawātihinna wa lā nisā`ihinna wa lā mā malakat aimānuhunn, wattaqīnallāh, innallāha kāna ‘alā kulli syai`in syahīdā
Tidak ada dosa atas istri-istri Nabi (untuk berjumpa tanpa tabir) dengan bapak-bapak mereka, anak laki-laki mereka, saudara laki-laki mereka, anak laki-laki dari saudara laki-laki mereka, anak laki-laki dari saudara perempuan mereka, perempuan-perempuan mereka (yang beriman) dan hamba sahaya yang mereka miliki, dan bertakwalah kamu (istri-istri Nabi) kepada Allah. Sungguh, Allah Maha Menyaksikan segala sesuatu.
56
innallāha wa malā`ikatahụ yuṣallụna ‘alan-nabiyy, yā ayyuhallażīna āmanụ ṣallụ ‘alaihi wa sallimụ taslīmā
Sesungguhnya Allah dan para malaikat-Nya berselawat untuk Nabi. Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Berselawatlah kamu untuk Nabi dan ucapkanlah salam dengan penuh penghormatan kepadanya.
57
innallażīna yu`żụnallāha wa rasụlahụ la’anahumullāhu fid-dun-yā wal-ākhirati wa a’adda lahum ‘ażābam muhīnā
Sesungguhnya (terhadap) orang-orang yang menyakiti Allah dan Rasul-Nya, Allah akan melaknatnya di dunia dan di akhirat, dan menyediakan azab yang menghinakan bagi mereka.
58
wallażīna yu`żụnal-mu`minīna wal-mu`mināti bigairi maktasabụ faqadiḥtamalụ buhtānaw wa iṡmam mubīnā
Dan orang-orang yang menyakiti orang-orang mukmin laki-laki dan perempuan, tanpa ada kesalahan yang mereka perbuat, maka sungguh, mereka telah memikul kebohongan dan dosa yang nyata.
59
yā ayyuhan-nabiyyu qul li`azwājika wa banātika wa nisā`il-mu`minīna yudnīna ‘alaihinna min jalābībihinn, żālika adnā ay yu’rafna fa lā yu`żaīn, wa kānallāhu gafụrar raḥīmā
Wahai Nabi! Katakanlah kepada istri-istrimu, anak-anak perempuanmu dan istri-istri orang mukmin, “Hendaklah mereka menutupkan jilbabnya ke seluruh tubuh mereka.” Yang demikian itu agar mereka lebih mudah untuk dikenali, sehingga mereka tidak diganggu. Dan Allah Maha Pengampun, Maha Penyayang.
60
la`il lam yantahil-munāfiqụna wallażīna fī qulụbihim maraḍuw wal-murjifụna fil-madīnati lanugriyannaka bihim ṡumma lā yujāwirụnaka fīhā illā qalīlā
Sungguh, jika orang-orang munafik, orang-orang yang berpenyakit dalam hatinya dan orang-orang yang menyebarkan kabar bohong di Madinah tidak berhenti (dari menyakitimu), niscaya Kami perintahkan engkau (untuk memerangi) mereka, kemudian mereka tidak lagi menjadi tetanggamu (di Madinah) kecuali sebentar,
61
mal’ụnīna ainamā ṡuqifū ukhiżụ wa quttilụ taqtīlā
dalam keadaan terlaknat. Di mana saja mereka dijumpai, mereka akan ditangkap dan dibunuh tanpa ampun.
62
sunnatallāhi fillażīna khalau ming qabl, wa lan tajida lisunnatillāhi tabdīlā
Sebagai sunnah Allah yang (berlaku juga) bagi orang-orang yang telah terdahulu sebelum(mu), dan engkau tidak akan mendapati perubahan pada sunah Allah.
63
yas`alukan-nāsu ‘anis-sā’ah, qul innamā ‘ilmuhā ‘indallāh, wa mā yudrīka la’allas-sā’ata takụnu qarībā
Manusia bertanya kepadamu (Muhammad) tentang hari Kiamat. Katakanlah, “Ilmu tentang hari Kiamat itu hanya di sisi Allah.” Dan tahukah engkau, boleh jadi hari Kiamat itu sudah dekat waktunya.
64
innallāha la’anal-kāfirīna wa a’adda lahum sa’īrā
Sungguh, Allah melaknat orang-orang kafir dan menyediakan bagi mereka api yang menyala-nyala (neraka),
65
khālidīna fīhā abadā, lā yajidụna waliyyaw wa lā naṣīrā
mereka kekal di dalamnya selama-lamanya; mereka tidak akan mendapatkan pelindung dan penolong.
66
yauma tuqallabu wujụhuhum fin-nāri yaqụlụna yā laitanā aṭa’nallāha wa aṭa’nar-rasụlā
Pada hari (ketika) wajah mereka dibolak-balikkan dalam neraka, mereka berkata, “Duhai, kiranya dahulu kami taat kepada Allah dan taat (pula) kepada Rasul.”
67
wa qālụ rabbanā innā aṭa’nā sādatanā wa kubarā`anā fa aḍallụnas-sabīlā
Dan mereka berkata, “Ya Tuhan kami, sesungguhnya kami telah menaati para pemimpin dan para pembesar kami, lalu mereka menyesatkan kami dari jalan (yang benar).
68
rabbanā ātihim ḍi’faini minal-‘ażābi wal’an-hum la’nang kabīrā
Ya Tuhan kami, timpakanlah kepada mereka azab dua kali lipat dan laknatlah mereka dengan laknat yang besar.”
69
yā ayyuhallażīna āmanụ lā takụnụ kallażīna āżau mụsā fa barra`ahullāhu mimmā qālụ, wa kāna ‘indallāhi wajīhā
Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Janganlah kamu seperti orang-orang yang menyakiti Musa, maka Allah membersihkannya dari tuduhan-tuduhan yang mereka lontarkan. Dan dia seorang yang mempunyai kedudukan terhormat di sisi Allah.
70
yā ayyuhallażīna āmanuttaqullāha wa qụlụ qaulan sadīdā
Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Bertakwalah kamu kepada Allah dan ucapkanlah perkataan yang benar,
71
yuṣliḥ lakum a’mālakum wa yagfir lakum żunụbakum, wa might yuṭi’illāha wa rasụlahụ fa qad fāza fauzan ‘aẓīmā
niscaya Allah akan memperbaiki amal-amalmu dan mengampuni dosa-dosamu. Dan barang siapa menaati Allah dan Rasul-Nya, maka sungguh, dia menang dengan kemenangan yang agung.
72
innā ‘araḍnal-amānata ‘alas-samāwāti wal-arḍi wal-jibāli fa abaina ay yaḥmilnahā wa asyfaqna min-hā wa ḥamalahal-insān, innahụ kāna ẓalụman jahụlā
Sesungguhnya Kami telah menawarkan amanat kepada langit, bumi dan gunung-gunung; tetapi semuanya enggan untuk memikul amanat itu dan mereka khawatir tidak akan melaksanakannya (berat), lalu dipikullah amanat itu oleh manusia. Sungguh, manusia itu sangat zalim dan sangat bodoh,
73
liyu’ażżiballāhul-munāfiqīna wal-munāfiqāti wal-musyrikīna wal-musyrikāti wa yatụballāhu ‘alal-mu`minīna wal-mu`mināt, wa kānallāhu gafụrar raḥīmā
sehingga Allah akan mengazab orang-orang munafik laki-laki dan perempuan, orang-orang musyrik laki-laki dan perempuan; dan Allah akan menerima tobat orang-orang mukmin laki-laki dan perempuan. Dan Allah Maha Pengampun, Maha Penyayang.
Name
The Surah derives its name Al-Ahzab from verse 20.
Period of Revelation
The Surah discusses three important events which are: the Battle of the Trench (or Al-Ahzab : the Clans), which took place in Shawwal, A. H. 5; the raid on Bani Quraizah, which was made in Dhil-Qa’dah, A. H. 5; and the Holy Prophet’s marriage with Hadrat Zainab, which also was contracted in Dhil-Qa’dah, A. H. 5. These historical events accurately determine the period of the revelation of this Surah.
Historical Background
The Islamic army’s setback in the Battle of Uhud (A. H. 3) that resulted from the error of the archers appointed by the Holy Prophet so boosted up the morale of the Arab pagans and the Jews and the hypocrites that they started entertaining the hope that they would soon be able to exterminate Islam and the Muslims completely. Their high state of morale can be judged from the events that occurred in the first year after Uhud. Hardly two months had passed then the tribe of Bani Asad of Najd began to make preparations for a raid on Madinah, and the Holy Prophet had to dispatch an expedition under Abu Salamah to counteract them. In Safar A. H. 4 some people of the tribes of Adal and Qarah asked the Holy Prophet to send some men to instruct them in Islam. Accordingly six of the Companions were allowed to accompany them for the purpose. But when they reached Raji (a place between Rabigh and Jeddah), they summoned Hudhail against them, who killed four of the Companions, and took theother two (Hadrat Khubaib bin Adi and Hadrat Zaid bin ad-Dathinnah) to Makkah and sold them to the enemy. Then in the same month of Safar, on the request of a chief of Bani Amir, the Holy Prophet sent another deputation of 40 (according to others, 70) preachers, consisting of the Ansar young men, to Najd. But they were also betrayed. The people of Usayyah and Ri’l and Dhakwan, tribes of Bani Sulaim, surrounded them suddenly at Bir Maunah and slew all of them. Meanwhile the Jewish tribe of Bani an-Nadir of Madinah, getting encouragement, continued to commit breaches of the treaties; so much so that in Rabi’ul Awwal, A.H. 4, they plotted against the life of the Holy Prophet himself. Then in Jamadi al-Ula, A. H. 4, Bani Thalbah and Bani Muharib, the two tribes of Bani Ghatafan, started making preparations to attack Madinah and the Holy Prophet had to go to punish them. Thus, after their setback at Uhud, the Muslims went on encountering repercussions continuously for seven to eightmonths.
However, it was the Holy Prophet’s determination and wisdom and his great Companions’ spirit of sacrifice that changed these adverse conditions completely within a short span of time. The economic boycott by the Arabs had made life hard for the people of Madinah. All the polytheistic tribes around Madinah were becoming rebellious. Inside Madinah itself the Jews and the hypocrites were beat upon mischief. But the successive steps taken by a handful of the sincere Muslims, under the leadership of the Holy Prophet, not only restored the image of strength of Islam in Arabia but also increased it manifold.
Raids Preceding the Battle of the Trench
The first such step was taken immediately after the Battle of Uhud. The very next day when quite a large number of Muslims lay wounded and the martyrdom of the near and dear ones was being mourned in many houses, and the Holy Prophet himself was injured and sad at the martyrdom of his uncle, Hadrat Hamzah, he called out to the devoted servants of Islam to accompany him in pursuit of the pagans so as to deter them from returning and attacking Madinah again. The Holy Prophet’s assessment was absolutely correct. He knew that, although the Quraish had retreated without taking any advantage of their almost complete victory, they would certainly regret their folly when they would halt and consider the whole matter coolly on the way, and would return to attack Madinah again. Therefore, he decided to go in pursuit of them, and 630 of of the Muslims at once volunteered to accompany him. When they reached Hamra al-Asad on the way to Makkah and camped there for three days, the Holy Prophetcame to know through a sympathetic non- Muslim that Abu Sufyan had stayed at Ar-Rauha, 36 miles short of Madinah, with an army 2,978 strong: they were regretting their error and were, in fact, planning to return and attack Madinah once agaln. But when they heard that the Holy Prophet was coming in pursuit of them with an army, they lost heart and gave up their plan. Thus, not only were the Quraish deterred by this action but the other enemies living around Madinah also realized that the Muslims were being led by a person, who was highly well informed, wise and resolute, and that the Muslims were ever ready to lay down their lives at his command.(For further details, see Introduction to Surah Al-i-\`Imran and E.N. 122 thereof).
Then as soon as the Bani Asad started making Preparations for a raid on Madinah, the Holy Prophet’s secret agents gave him timely information about their intention. Thus, before they could come in force to attack Madinah, he sent an army 150 strong, under Hadrat Abu Salamah (the first husband of Hadrat Umm Salamah) to punish them. They took Bani Asad by surprise, who fled in panic leaving all their possessions behind, which fell into the Muslim hands.
After this came the turn of the Bani an-Nadir. The day they plotted against the life of the Holy Prophet, and the secret was disclosed, the Holy Prophet ordered them to leave Madinah within ten days and warned that anyone who remained behind after that would be put to death. Abdullah bin Ubayy, the chief of the hypocrites of Madinah, encouraged them to defy the order and refuse to leave Madinah. He even promised to help them with 2,000 men, and assured them that the Bani Ghatafan from Najd also would come to their aid. Accordingly, the Bani an- Nadir sent word that they would not leave no matter what the Holy Prophet might do.
As soon as the time limit of ten days come to an end, the Holy Prophet laid siege to their quarters, but none of their supporters had the courage to come to their rescue. At last, they surrendered on condition that every three of them would be allowed to load a camel with whatever they could carry and go away leaving the rest of their possessions behind. Thus, the whole suburbs of the city which were inhabited by the Bani an-Nadir, and their gardens and their fortresses and other properties fell to the Muslims, and the people of this treacherous tribe became scattered in Khyber, Wad il Qura and Syria.
Then the Holy Prophet turned his attention to the Bani Ghatafan, who were preparing for a war against Madinah. He took 400 of the Muslims and overtook them at Dhat ar-Riqa. They were so taken by surprise that they fled their houses without a struggle and took refuge in the mountains.
After this in Shaban A. H. 4, the Holy Prophet went forth to Badr to fight Abu Sufyan. At the end of the Battle of Uhud, he had challenged the Holy Prophet and the Muslims, saying, “We shall again meet you in combat at Badr next year.” In reply the Holy Prophet announced through a Companion: “All right: we accept your challenge.” Accordingly, at the appointed time he reached Badr with 1,500 of the Muslims. From the other side, Abu Sufyan left Makkah with an army of 2,000 men, but could not have the courage to march beyond Marr-az-Zahran (modern, Wadi Fatimah). The Holy Prophet waited for him at Badr for eight days; the Muslims during these days did profitable business with a trading party. This incident help- ed more than restore the image of strength of the Muslims that had been tarnished at Uhud. It also made the whole of Arabia realize that the Quraish alone could no longer resist Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace and blessings). (Please also refer to E.N. 124 ofAl-i-\`Imran).
This image and position of the Muslims was further strengthened by another event. Dumat al-Jandal (modern, Al-Jauf) was an important place at the border between Arabia and Syria. When the caravans of the Arabs, trading between Iraq in the south and Syria and Egypt in the north, passed that way, they were harassed and looted by the natives. In Rabi al- Awwal, A. H. 5, the Holy Prophet himself went to punish them with an army of 1,000 men. They could not muster up courage to come out and fight him and, therefore, fled the place. This caused the whole of northern Arabia to dread the power of Islam, and the tribes began to realize that the great power emerging from Al-Madinah was formidable and could no longer be resisted by one or a few of the tribes.
The Battle of the Trench
Such were the conditions when the Battle of the Trench took place. It was in fact a combined raid by many of the Arab tribes, who wanted to crush the power of Madinah. It had been instigated by the leaders of the Bani an-Nadir, who had settled in Khyber after their banishment from Madinah. They went round to the Quraish and Ghatafan and Hudhail and many other tribes and induced them to gather all their forces together and attack Madinah jointly. Thus, in Shawwal, A. H. 5, an unprecedentedly large army of the Arab tribes marched against the small city of Madinah. From the north came Jews of Bani an-Nadir and Bani Qainuqa who after their banishment from Madinah, had settled in Khaiber and Wad il Qura. From the east advanced the tribes of Ghatafan, Bani Sulaim, Fazarah, Murrah, Ashja, Sad, Asad, etc. and from the south the Quraish, along with a large force of their allies. Together they numbered from ten to twelve thousand men.
Had it been a sudden attack, it would have been disastrous. But the Holy Prophet was not unaware of this in Madinah. His intelligence men and the sympathizers of the Islamic movement and the people influenced by it were present in every tribe, who kept him informed of the enemy’s movements. Even before the enemy could reach his city, he got a trench dug out on the north-west of Madinah in six days, and having the Mount Salat their back, took up a defensive position with 3,000 men in the protection of the Trench. To the south of Madinah there were many gardens (even now there are) so that it could not be attacked from that side. To the east there are lava rocks which are impassable for a large army. The same is the case with the south western side. The attack, therefore, could be made only from the eastern and western sides of the Uhud, which the Holy Prophet had secured by digging a trench. The disbelievers were not at all aware that they would have to counter the trench outsideMadinah. This kind of a defensive stratagem was unknown to the Arabs. Thus, they had to lay a long siege in winter for which they had not come prepared.
After this, only one alternative remained with the disbelievers: to incite the Jewish tribe of Bani Quraizah, who inhabited the south eastern part of the city, to rebellion. As the Muslims had entered a treaty with them that in case of an attack on Madinah they would defend the city along with them, the Muslims had made no defensive arrangement there and had even sent their families to take shelter in the forts situated on that side. The invaders perceived this weakness of the Islamic defenses. They sent Huyayy bin Akhtab, the Jewish leader of the Bani an-Nadir, to the Bani Quraizah so as to induce them to break the treaty and join the war. In the beginning, they refused to oblige and said that they had a treaty with Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace) who had faithfully abided by it and given them no cause for complaint. But when Ibn Akhtab said to them, “Look, I have summoned the united force of entire Arabia against him: this is a perfect opportunity to get rid of him. Ifyou lose it, you will never have another opportunity,” the anti Islamic Jewish mind prevailed over every moral consideration and the Bani Quraizah were persuaded to break the treaty.
The Holy Prophet received news of this. He at once told Sad bin Ubadah, Sad bin Muadh, Abdullah bin Rawahah and Khawwat bin Jubair, chiefs of the Ansar, to go and find out the truth. He advised them that if they found Bani Quraizah still loyal to the treaty, they should return and say so openly before the Muslim army; however, if they found that they were bent upon treachery they should only inform him so that the common Muslims would not be disheartened. On reaching there the Companions found the Bani Quraizah fully bent on mischief They told the Companions openly, “There is no agreement and no treaty between us and Muhammad.” At this they returned to the Islamic army and submitted their report to the Holy Prophet, saying, “‘Adal and Qarah.” That is, “The Quraizah are bent upon doing what the Adal and Qarah had done with the preachers of Islam at Raji.”
This news spread among the Muslims and caused great consternation among them, for they had been encircled and their city had been endangered on the side where there existed no defensive arrangement and where they had also sent their families to take shelter in the forts. This further increased the activities of the hypocrites and they started making psychological attacks to break the morale of the Muslims. One said, “How strange! We were being foretold that the lands of Caesar and Chosroes would fall to us, but here we are that not one of us can go out even to relieve himself.” Another one asked for permission to leave his post at the Trench so that he could go and protect his own house which was in danger. Another one started making secret propaganda to the effect: “Settle your affair with the invaders yourselves and hand over Muhammad to them.” This was a highly critical hour of trial, which exposed every person who harbored any hypocrisy in his heart. Only the true andsincere Muslims remained firm and steadfast in their resolve and devotion.
In the meantime Nuaim bin Masud, a member of the Ashja branch of the Ghatafan tribe, became a Muslim and came before the Holy Prophet and submitted: “No one as yet knows that I have embraced Islam: You can take from me whatever service you please.” The Holy Prophet replied: “Go and sow the seeds of discord among the enemy.”‘ So, first of all, Nu’aim went to the Quraizah with whom he was on friendly terms, and said to them, “The Quraish and the Ghatafan can become wearied of the siege and go back, and they will lose nothing, but you have to live here with the Muslims. Just consider what will be your position if the matter turns that way. Therefore, I would advise you not to join the enemy until the outsiders should send some of their prominent men as hostages to you.” This had the desired effect upon the Bani Quraizah and they decided to demand hostages from the united front of the tribes. Then he went to the chiefs of the Quraish and the Ghatafan and said to them, “The BaniQuraizah seem to be slack and irresolute. May be they demand some men as hostage from you, and then hand them over to Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace) to settle their affair with him. Therefore, be very firm and cautious in your dealing with them.” This made the leaders of the united front suspicious of Bani Quraizah. and they sent them a message, saying, “We are tired of the long siege; let there be a decisive battle; let us, therefore, make a general assault simultaneously from both the sides.” The Bani Quraizah sent back the word, saying, “We cannot afford to join the war unless you hand over some of your prominent men to us as hostages.” The leaders of the united front became convinced that what Nuaim had said was true. They refused to send hostages. And the Bani Quraizah, on the other side, also felt that Nuaim had given them the correct counsel. Thus, the strategy worked: it divided the enemy against itself.
The siege was prolonged for more than 25 days. It was winter. The supply of food and water and forage was becoming more and more scarce everyday and division in the camp was also a great strain on the state of morale of the besiegers. Then, suddenly one night a severe windstorm accompanied by thunder and lightning hit the camp. It added to the cold and darkness. The wind overthrew the tents and put the enemy in disarray. They could not stand this severe blow of nature. They left the battleground even during the night and returned to their homes. When the Muslims awoke in the morning, there was not a single enemy soldier to be seen on the battlefield. The Holy Prophet, finding the battlefield completely empty, said: “The Quraish will never be able to attack you after this: now you will take the offensive.” This was a correct assessment of the situation. Not only the Quraish but the united front of all the enemy tribes had made their final assault against Islam and had failed. Nowthey could no longer dare invade Madinah; now the Muslims were on the offensive.
Raid on Bani Quraizah
When the Holy Prophet returned from the Trench, Gabriel came to him in the early afternoon with the Divine Command the the Muslims should not lay aside the arms yet but should deal with the Bani Quraizah as well. On receipt of this Command, the Holy Prophet got announced: “Everyone who is steadfast in obedience should not offer his Asr Prayer till he reaches the locality of the Bani Quraizah.” Immediately after this, he dispatched Hadrat Ali with a contingent of soldiers as vanguard towards the Quraizah. When they reached there, the Jews climbed on to their roof tops and started hurling abuses on the Holy Prophet and the Muslims, but their invectives could not save them from the consequences of their treachery. They had committed breach of the treaty right at the most critical moment of the war, joined hands with the invaders and endangered the entire population of Madinah. When they saw the contingent of Hadrat Ali, they thought that they had come only to overawe them. But whenthe whole Islamic army arrived under the command of the Holy Prophet himself and laid siege to their quarters, they were very frightened. They could not stand the severity of the siege for more than two or three weeks. At last, they surrendered themselves to the Holy Prophet on the condition that they would accept whatever decision Hadrat Sad bin Muadh, the chief of the Aus, would give. They had accepted Hadrat Sad as their judge because in the pre-Islamic days the Aus and the Quraizah had been confederates and they hoped that in view of the past ties he would help them quit Madinah as had happened in the case of the Bani Qainuqa and the Bani an-Nadir before. The people of the Aus themselves wished that Hadrat Sad treat their previous allies leniently. But Hadrat Sad had just experienced and seen how the two Jewish tribes who had been allowed to leave Madinah previously had instigated the other tribes living around Madinah and summoned the united front of ten to twelve thousand menagainst the Muslims. He was also aware how treacherously this last Jewish tribe had behaved right on the occasion when the city was under attack from outside and threatened the safety of the whole of its population. Therefore, he decreed that all the male members of the Quraizah should be put to death, their women and children taken prisoners, and their properties distributed among the Muslims. The sentence was carried out duly. When the Muslims entered their strongholds they found that the treacherous people had collected 1,500 swords, 300 coats of mail, 2,000 spears and 1,500 shields in order to join the war. If Allah’s succor had not reached the Muslims, all this military equipment would have been used to attack Madinah from the rear right at the time when the polytheists were making preparations for a general assault on the Muslims after crossing the Trench. After this disclosure there remained no doubt that the decision of Hadrat Sad concerning those people was absolutelycorrect.
Social Reforms
Though the period of two years between the Battles of Uhud and the Trench was a period of disturbance and turmoil and the Holy Prophet and his Companions could hardly relax in peace and security even for a day, the work of reform as a whole and the reconstruction of the Muslim society continued uninterrupted. This was the time when the Islamic laws pertaining to marriage and divorce were complemented; the law of inheritance was introduced, drinking and gambling were prohibited, and the new laws and regulations concerning many other aspects of the economic and social life were enforced.
In this connection, an important thing that needed to be reformed was the question of the adoption of a son. Whoever was adopted by the Arabs as a son was regarded as one of their own offspring: he got share in inheritance; he was treated like a real son and real brother by the adopted mother and the adopted sister; he could not marry the daughter of his adopted father and his widow after his death. And the same was the case if the adopted son died or divorced a wife. The adopted father regarded the woman as his real daughter-in-law. This custom clashed in every detail with the laws of marriage and divorce and inheritance enjoined by Allah in Surahs Al-Baqarah and An-Nisa. It made a person who could get no share in inheritance entitled to it at the expense of those who were really entitled to it. It prohibited marriage between the men and the women who could contract marriage perfectly lawfully. And, above all, it helped spread the immoralities which the Islamic Law wanted toeradicate. For a real mother and a real sister and a real daughter cannot be like the adopted mother and the adopted sister and the adopted daughter, however one may try to sanctify the adopted relations as a custom. When the artificial relations endued with customary sanctity are allowed to mix freely like the real relations, it cannot but produce evil results. That is why the Islamic law of marriage and divorce, the law of inheritance and the law of the prohibition of adultery required that the concept and custom of regarding the adopted son as the real son should be eradicated completely.
This concept, however, could not be rooted out by merely passing a legal order, saying, The adopted son is not the real son. The centuries old prejudices and superstitions cannot be changed by mere word of mouth. Even if the people had accepted the command that these relations were not the real relations, they would still have looked upon marriage between the adopted mother and the adopted son, the adopted brother and the sister, the adopted father and the daughter, and the adopted father- in-law and the daughter-in- law odious and detestable. Moreover, there would still exist some freedom of mixing together freely. Therefore, it was inevitable that the custom should be eradicated practically, and through the Holy Prophet himself. For no Muslim could ever conceive that a thing done by the Holy Prophet himself, and done by him under Allah’s Command, could be detestable. Therefore, a little before the Battle of the Trench, the Holy Prophet was inspired by Allah that he shouldmarry the divorced wife of his adopted son, Zaid bin Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him), and he acted on this Command during the siege of the Bani Quraizah. (The delay probably was caused for the reason that the prescribed waiting period had not yet ended, and in the meantime the Holy Prophet had to become busy in the preparation for war).
Storm of Propaganda at the Marriage of Hadrat Zainab
As soon as the marriage was contracted, there arose a storm of propaganda against the Holy Prophet. The polytheists, the hypocrites and the Jews, all were burning with jealousy at his triumphs which followed one after the other. The way they had been humbled within two years after Uhud, in the Battle of the Trench, and in the affair of the Quraizah, had made them sore at heart. They had also lost hope that they could ever subdue him on the battlefield. Therefore, they seized the question of this marriage as a god send for themselves and thought they would put an end to his moral superiority, which was the real secret of his power and success. Therefore, stories were concocted that Muhammad, God forbid, had fallen in love with his daughter-in-law, and when the son had come to know of this, he divorced his wife, and the father married his daughter-in-law. The propaganda, however, was absurd on the face of it. Hadrat Zainab was the Holy Prophet’s first cousin. He had known her fromchildhood to youth. So, there could be no question of his falling in love with her at first sight. Then he himself had arranged her marriage with Hadrat Zaid under his personal influence, although her whole family had opposed it. They did not like that a daughter of the noble Quraish should be given in marriage to a freed slave. Hadrat Zainab herself was not happy at this arrangement. But everyone had to submit to the Holy Prophet’s command. The marriage was solemnized and a precedent was set in Arabia that Islam had raised a freed slave to the status of the Quraishite nobility. If the Holy Prophet had in reality any desire for Hadrat Zainab, there was no need of marrying her to Hadrat Zaid; he himself could have married her. But in spite of all this, the shameless opponents invented stories of love, spread them with great exaggeration and publicized them so vehemently that even some Muslims also began to accept them as true.
Preliminary Commandments of Purdah
The fact that the tales invented by the enemies also became topics of conversation among the Muslims was a clear sign that the element of sensuality in society had crossed all limits. If this malady had not been there, it was not possible that minds would have paid any attention whatever to such absurd and disgusting stories about a righteous and pure person like the Holy Prophet. This was precisely the occasion when the reformative Commandments pertaining to the law of Hijab or Purdah were first enforced in the Islamic society. These reforms were introduced in this Surah and complemented a year later in Surah An-Nur, when a slander was made on the honor of Hadrat Aishah.(For further details, see Introduction to Surah An-Nur).
Domestic Affairs of the Holy Prophet
There were two other problems which needed attention at that time. Though apparently they pertained to the Holy Prophet’s domestic life, it was necessary to resolve them for the domestic and mental peace of the person, who was exerting every effort to promote the cause of Allah’s Religion and was day and night absorbed in this great mission. Therefore, Allah took these two problems also officially in His own hand.
The first problem was that economically the Holy Prophet at that time was in straitened circumstances. During the first four years he had no source of income whatever. In 4 A. H. after the banishment of the Bani an-Nadir, a portion of their evacuated lands was reserved for his use by the Command of Allah, but it was not enough for his family requirements. On the other hand, the duties of the office of Prophethood were so onerous that they were absorbing all his energies of the mind and body and heart and every moment of his time, and he could not make any effort at all for earning his livelihood. In conditions such as these when his wives happened to disturb his mental peace because of economic hardships he would feel doubly strained and taxed.
The other problem was that before marrying Hadrat Zainab, he had four wives already in the houses: Hadrat Saudah, Hadrat Aishah, Hadrat Hafsah, and Hadrat Umm Salamah. Hadrat Zainab was his fifth wife. At this the opponents raised the objection, and the Muslims also started entertaining doubts, that as for others it had been forbidden to keep more than four wives at a time, but how the Holy Prophet himself had taken a fifth wife also.
Subject Matter and Topics
These were the questions that were engaging the attention of the Holy Prophet and the Muslims at the time Surah Al-Ahzab was revealed, and replies to the same form the subject matter of this Surah.
A perusal of the theme and the background shows that the Surah is not a single discourse which was sent down in one piece but it consists of several injunctions and commandments and discourses, which were sent down, one after the other, in connection with the important events of the time, and then were put together in one Surah. Its following parts stand out clearly distinguished from one another:
-
Verses 1-8 seem to have been sent down before the Battle of the Trench. Their perusal, keeping the historical background in view, shows that at the time of their revelation Hadrat Zaid had already divorced Hadrat Zainab. The Holy Prophet was feeling the necessity that the concepts and customs and superstitions of ignorance concerning the adoption of the son should be eradicated, and he was also feeling that the delicate and deep sentiments the people cherished about the adopted relations merely on emotional grounds would not be rooted out until he himself took the initiative to eradicate the custom practically. But at the same time he was hesitant and considering seriously that if he married the divorced wife of Hadrat Zaid then, the hypocrites and the Jews and the mushriks who were already bent on mischief would get a fresh excuse to start a propaganda campaign against Islam. This was the occasion of the revelation of vv. 1-8.
-
In verses 9-27 an appraisal has been made of the Battle of the Trench and the raid against the Bani Quraizah. This is a clear proof that these verses were sent down after these events.
-
The discourse contained in vv. 28-35 consists of two parts. In the first part, Allah has given a notice to the wives of the Holy Prophet, who were being impatient of the straitened circumstances, to the effect:”Choose between the world and its adornments, and Allah, His Prophet and the Hereafter. If you seek the former, you should say so openly: you will not be kept back in hardship even for a day, but will be sent off gracefully. And if you seek the latter, you should cooperate with Allah and His messenger and bear patiently.” In the second part, initial steps were taken towards the social reforms whose need was being felt by the minds moulded in the Islamic pattern themselves. In this regard, reform was started from the house of the Holy Prophet himself and his wives were commanded to avoid behaving and conducting themselves in the ways of the pre Islamic days of ignorance, ,to remain in their houses with dignity, and to exercise great caution in their conversation withthe other men. This was the beginning of the Commandments of Purdah.
-
Verses 36-48 deal with the Holy Prophet’s marriage with Hadrat Zainab. In this section the opponents’ objection about this marriage have been answered; the doubts that were being created in the minds of the Muslims have been removed; the Muslims have been acquainted with the Holy Prophet’s position and status; and the Holy Prophet himself has been counseled to exercise patience on the false propaganda of the disbelievers and the hypocrites.
-
In verse 49 a clause of the law of divorce has been laid down. This is a unique verse which was sent down on some occasion probably in connection with the same events.
-
In verses 50-52 a special regulation of marriage has been laid down for the Holy Prophet, which points out that he is an exception to the several restrictions that have been imposed on the other Muslims in regard to marital life.
-
In verses 53-55 the second step was taken towards social reform. It consists of the following injunctions: Restriction on the other men to visit the houses of the Holy Prophet’s wives; Islamic etiquette concerning visits and invitations; the law that only the near relatives could visit the holy wives in their houses; as for the other men, they could speak to or ask them a thing from behind a curtain; the injunction that the Holy Prophet’s wives were forbidden for the Muslims like their mothers; and none could marry any of them after him.
-
In verses 56-57 warning was given to stop criticizing the Holy Prophet’s marriage and his domestic life, and the believers instructed not to indulge in fault finding like the enemies of Islam, but to invoke the blessings of Allah for their Prophet; moreover, they were instructed that they should avoid falsely accusing one another even among themselves, not to speak of the person of the Prophet.
-
In verse 59 the third step for social reform was taken. All the Muslim women were commanded that they should come out well covered with the outer garments and covering their faces whenever they came out of their houses for a genuine need.
After this till the end of the Surah the hypocrites and other foolish and mean people have been rebuked for the propaganda that they were carrying on at that time against Islam and the Muslims.
Surat Al Ahzab yang dalam tulisan arabnya tertulisالأحزاب (baca: Al Ahzab),mempunyai arti surat; Golongan Yang Bersekutu. Al Ahzab merupakan urutan surat dalam Alquran yang ke 33, namun surat ini berada di urutan turun surat Al Quran yang ke 90, dan termasuk golongan surat Madaniyah. Jumlah ayat Surat Al Ahzab adalah 73 ayat. Pada mushaf Madinah, Surat ini dimulai dari halaman ke 418, sampai halaman ke 427. Surat Al Ahzab di awali dengan membaca بِسۡمِ اللهِ الرَّحۡمٰنِ الرَّحِيۡمِ